# Moving Images

## History of moving images

{% embed url="<http://kaceymorrow.com/dsgn260/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/history.pdf>" %}
Courtesy [Kacey Morrow](https://kaceymorrow.com/about.html)
{% endembed %}

## Frame Rates

Main takeaways:

* Moving images are made up of a bunch of still images played back fast
* The frame rate, measured as a unit of time (frames per second / fps) tells you how many still images are being filmed and/or played back per second
* We will use 24 fps to shoot. Common exceptions include slow motion, timelapses, the "Chungking Express" effect, etc.&#x20;
  * Slow motion: film at higher fps (48, 60, 120, etc), played back at regular fps (24)
  * Timelapses: film at higher fps (1, 6, 12, etc), played back at regular fps (24)

<figure><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/VOmqAitxyjE-N1b_bLgWKR78RKWCYWozJTka3FN6388yalwqTV8YGkrQJKklGHUa6TybklXmS-5JR0w2j36ddMvx2ko3vg4sNeJLScOcYQvqKyhISCZ_TlSIEDk7Gg0YcrJuFfojhbZ5vQlun54yOHK7Kw=s2048" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lUFluLOh-s&t=1s>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/video-frame-rate/>" %}
More context for the Studio Binder video
{% endembed %}

## The birth of video

<figure><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/m9WpZyIByzItBiX0M8L0KGHvkmsr1nBreOLomHCqb3u_e7w4n60zRGXkVyzbgjviwe_Afvc8HcHyMq80suuA-2eJGp1aKqTKvZRVYjx-qmKMLCBhn7f3Ao045oYbzTYm7BVK8C_9Y2-YYu87CIwq1S8o6Q=s2048" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://magazine.artland.com/agents-of-change-how-the-sony-portapak-has-created-a-new-artistic-medium/>" %}

<figure><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/n_Pg9c5hKibJFT51pN7AKZE99iWSpC4LqlfW4hsG8TAZoZW9eQFgBgxv7AFWGdaI039FnLT3JVeVTS32iYlWE8bQHf--YkWI0ybACOz0Thk96mt6QUMVCrF6lfdMwvPuzCY0EVwwMrgqLbc49KFgunnfAg=s2048" alt=""><figcaption><p>Nam June Paik (left), Shigeko Kubota (right)</p></figcaption></figure>

## The DSLR "revolution"

<figure><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/YdIAQfgyWgjhvfzFJGZyzPBpAxFQwswnlcwr2pL4L_gpONw1Y5MkF6_SIGsjaYen6Y4qw3JPq4plD5FCsNtwiK_ciJhMwwcdrsnLzvGuDyH0seGe7X4rNp52c4NUbYD2Opo1m8lqsl_1Pl6T092IoyYYrg=s2048" alt=""><figcaption><p>The Canon 5D MKII</p></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://origmedia.com/short-history-dslr-video-revolution/>" %}

## Tangerine and 10 other iPhone films

<figure><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/0CrxncmE5AX1kFKW97w_1yP7Loi8HfObN-dnRmGXkiMbOxEX5ROZlLQAKqrfhgaffRgNya56H0FIes6AkImdLpkl9MEbxWSGGy9PEhGZDoRYVSmz_3ADKvUpHe9SxFQO7KT0eA-1Gyp7QJ7Oa7URcjBpTQ=s2048" alt=""><figcaption><p>Tangerine (2015)</p></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://www.indiewire.com/2018/03/movies-shot-on-iphones-unsane-tangerine-shorts-1201941565/>" %}

## Media literacy today

### Computational images&#x20;

* iPhone portrait mode,&#x20;
* Dall-e/Midjourney/ChatGPT,&#x20;
* asset marketplaces that automate compositing and VFX like Adobe Stock, Motion Array, Storyblocks

### AI image generators from text prompts

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVcsDDABEkM&t=1s>" %}

{% embed url="<https://openai.com/dall-e-2/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.midjourney.com/home/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://colab.research.google.com/github/alembics/disco-diffusion/blob/main/Disco_Diffusion.ipynb>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.craiyon.com/>" %}

### Data reasoning in a digital world

<figure><img src="https://2287092136-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzL2tKcrOmtPg1LAKnHZc%2Fuploads%2FYiJBwDEMFLQUvTAd9Suy%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=8ce5776d-2f6f-4447-9070-da77ad23e368" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="https://thispersondoesnotexist.com/">https://thispersondoesnotexist.com/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://2287092136-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzL2tKcrOmtPg1LAKnHZc%2Fuploads%2Fc7jM046RINyZNqn2sAHf%2FScreen%20Shot%202023-02-14%20at%2010.32.04%20PM.png?alt=media&#x26;token=d04c64a3-96e0-462b-a199-fdd70aa534e7" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="https://www.whichfaceisreal.com/">https://www.whichfaceisreal.com/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://www.callingbullshit.org/>" %}
Above examples from UoW course and book Calling Bullshit
{% endembed %}

### Compositing, layers, VFX

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sh7VimKMI_8>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvxS3-7XFsA&list=PLepmcWUt_wgZxUX4s1p_-zNOVsNihYVHO>" %}